خرید ایبوک The Repo Market Shorts Shortages Squeezes

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خرید کتاب The Repo Market, Shorts, Shortages & Squeezes 2023

دانلود رایگان کتاب The Repo Market, Shorts, Shortages, and Squeezes

The Repo market is the most important market few people know about. It’s a pillar of the financial system that’s often misunderstood yet plays a vital role in the industry. If the financial markets are the engine that powers the economy, the Repo market is the oil that lubricates that engine.

The entire financial system relies on the Repo market. There would be no modern financial system without the Repo market. At the same time, there would have been no Salomon Brothers, Long Term Capital Management, Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, or MF Global without the Repo market either.

Industry veteran, Scott E.D. Skyrm provides a rare insider’s view into everything you need to know about the Repo Market in this easy to understand and highly readable book.

دانلود ایبوک بازار رپو، شورت، کسری و فشار

بازار رپو مهم ترین بازاری است که افراد کمی در مورد آن می دانند. این یکی از ستون‌های سیستم مالی است که اغلب به اشتباه درک می‌شود، اما نقشی حیاتی در صنعت بازی می‌کند. اگر بازارهای مالی موتوری هستند که اقتصاد را تقویت می کنند، بازار رپو روغنی است که آن موتور را روان می کند.

کل سیستم مالی به بازار رپو متکی است. بدون بازار رپو هیچ سیستم مالی مدرنی وجود نخواهد داشت. در عین حال، بدون بازار رپو، هیچ Salomon Brothers، Long Term Capital Management، Bear Stearns، Lehman Brothers یا MF Global وجود نداشت.

کهنه کار صنعت، اسکات E.D. Skyrm در این کتاب آسان برای درک و بسیار خواندنی، دیدگاه نادری را در مورد هر چیزی که در مورد بازار Repo باید بدانید، ارائه می دهد.

فهرست مطالب

Contents
Part 1000
Analytical and Data
Quality Systems
i
Summary of Major Changes
2
1010
Introduction
3
A. Scope and Application of Methods
3
B. Statistics
3
C. Terminology
6
D. Operations for Diluting and
Concentrating Samples
7
1020
Quality Assurance
8
A. Introduction
8
B. Quality Control
10
C. Quality Assessment.
18
1030
Data Quality
19
A. Introduction
19
B. Measurement Uncertainty
20
C. Method Detection Level
23
D. Data Quality Objectives
24
E. Checking Analyses’ Correctness
26
1040
Method Development and Evaluation
28
A. Introduction
28
B. Method Validation
28
C. Collaborative Multilaboratory
Testing
30
1050
Expression of Results
31
A. Units
31
B. Significant Figures
39
C. O^er Considerations
41
1060
Collection and Preservation of Samples
42
A. Introduction
42
B. Collection of Samples
44
C. Sample Storage and Preservation
48
1080
Reagent Water
52
A. Introduction
52
*
B. Methods for Preparing Reagent-Grade
Water
52
C. Reagent Water Quality
54
1090
Laboratory Occupational Health and
Safety
54
A. Introduction
54
B. Safe Laboratory Practices
56
C, Laboratory Facility and Fixed
Equipment
61
D. Hazard Evaluation
62
E. Personal Protective Equipment
62
F. Worker Protection Medical Program
65
G・Provisions for Work with Particularly
Hazardous Substances
66
H. Biological Safety
67
I. Radiological Safety
68
J. Chemical Hygiene Plan
70
K. Mercury Use Avoidance in Laboratory….. 71
1100
Waste Minimization and Disposal
71
A. Introduction
71
B. Waste Minimization
71
C. Waste Treatment and Disposal
72
Part 2000
Physical and Aggregate
Properties of Water and
Wastewater
75
Summary of Major Changes
76
2010
Introduction
77
2020
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
77
A. Introduction
77
B. Quality Control Practices
78
2110
Appearance
81
2120
Color
81
A, Introduction
81
B. Visual Comparison Method
82
C. Spectrophotometric—Single-Wavelength
Method (Proposed)
84
D. Spectrophotometric—Multi-Wavelength
Method
,
85
E. Tristimulus Spectrophotometric
Method
87
F. ADMI Weighted-Ordinate
Spectrophotometric Method
87
2130
Turbidity
88
A. Introduction
88
B. Nephelometric Method
89
2150
Odor
91
A. Introduction
91
B. Threshold OdorTest
92
C. Total Intensity of Odor (Proposed)
96
2160
Taste
98
A. Introduction
98
B. Flavor Threshold Test (FTT)
98
C. Flavor Rating Assessment (FRA)
100
2170
Flavor Profile Analysis
101
A. Introduction
101
B. Flavor Profile Analysis
102
2310
Acidity
109
A. Introduction.,.
109
B. Titration Method
109
2320
Alkalinity
Ill
A. Introduction
111
B. Titration Method
112
2330
Calcium Carbonate Saturation
114
A. Introduction
114
B. Indices Indicating a Water’s Tendency
to Precipitate or Dissolve CaCO?
116
C. Indices Predicting the Quantity of
CaCO3 that can be Precipitated
or Dissolved
121
xi
Contents
D. Graphical and Computer Methods
for CaCO^ Indices
122
2340
Hardness
123
A. Introduction
123
B, Hardness by Calculation
123
C. EDTA Titrimetric Method
124
2350
Oxidant Demand/Requirement
126
A. Introduction
126
B. Chlorine Demand/Requirement
127
C. Chlorine Dioxide Demand/
Requirement
129
D. Ozone Demand/Requirement—Batch
Method
129
E. Ozone Demand/Requirement—
Semi-Batch Method
130
2510
Conductivity
131
A. Introduction
131
B. Laboratory Method
134
2520
Salinity
135
A. Introduction
135
B，Electrical Conductivity Method
136
C. Density Method
137
D. Algorithm of Practical Salinity
137
2530
Floatables
138
A. Introduction
138
B. Particulate Floatables
138
C. Trichlorotrifluoroethane-Soluble
Floatable Oil and Grease
141
2540
Solids
142
A. Introduction
142
B. Total Solids Dried from 103 to 105
C. Total Dissolved Solids Dried at
180
145
D. Total Suspended Solids Dried from
103 to 105
146
E, Fixed and Volatile Solids Ignited
at 550
147
F. Settleable Solids
147
G. Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in
Solid and Semisolid Samples
148
2550
Temperature
149
A. Introduction
149
B. Laboratory and Field Methods
149
2560
Particle Counting and Size Distribution
150
A. Introduction
150
B. Electrical Sensing Zone Method
155
C. Light-Blockage Methods
156
D. Light-Scattering Method
157
2570
Asbestos
158
A. Introduction
158
B. Transmission Electron Microscopy
Method
159
2580
Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
163
A. Introduction
163
B. Oxidation-Reduction Potential
Measurement in Clean Water
164
2710
Tests on Sludges
167
A. Introduction
167
B. Oxygen-Consumption Rate
168
C. Settled Sludge Volume
169
D. Sludge Volume Index
169
E. Zone Settling Rate
170
F, Specific Gravity
171
G. Capillary Suction Time
171
H. Time to Filter
173
I. Modified Settled Sludge Volume
173
2720
Anaerobic Sludge Digester Gas Analysis…..175
A. Introduction
175
B. Volumetric Method
176
C. Gas Chromatographic Method
177
2810
Dissolved Gas Supersaturation
180
A. Introduction
180
B. Direct-Sensing Membrane-Diffusion
Method
180
Part 3000
Metals in Water and
Wastewater
185
Summary of Major Changes
186
3010
Introduction
：187
A. General Discussion
187
B. Sampling and Sample Preservation
187
C. General Precautions
189
3020
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
189
A. Introduction
189
B. Quality Control Practices
190
3030
Preliminary Treatment of Samples
193
A. Introduction
193
B. Filtration for Dissolved and
Suspended Metals
194
C. Treatment for Acid-Extractable Metals….194
D. Digestion for Metals
194
E. Nitric Acid Digestion
196
F. Nitric Acid-Hydrochloric Acid
Digestion
196
G. Nitric Acid-Sulfuric Acid Digestion
197
H. Nitric Acid-Perchloric Acid
Digestion
197
I. Nitric Acid-Perchloric Acid-
Hydrofluoric Acid Digestion
198
J. Dry Ashing
198
K. Microwave-Assisted Digestion
198
3110
Introduction to Determining Metals by
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
200
3111
Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry
201
A. Introduction
201
B. Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method
205
C. Extraction and Air-Acetylene
Flame Method
207
D. Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene
Flame Method
208
E. Extraction and Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene
Flame Method
209
3112
Metals By Cold-\^por Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry
210
A. Introduction
210
B. Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method
210
xii
Contents
3113
Metals by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry
212
A. Introduction
212
B, Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method
214
3114
Arsenic and Selenium by Hydride Generation
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
220
A. Introduction
220
B. Manual Hydride Generation Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method
220
C. Continuous Hydride Generation Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method
224
3120
Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy….226
A. Introduction
226
B. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)
Method
226
3125
Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectrometry
232
A, Introduction
232
B. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Method
233
3130
Metals by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry .,..242
A. Introduction
242
B. Determination of Lead, Cadmium,
and Zinc
242
3500-Al Aluminum
246
A. Introduction
246
B. Eriochronie Cyanine R Method
246
3500-Sb Antimony
249
3500-As Arsenic
249
A. Introduction
249
B. Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate Method,…250
3500-Ba Barium
252
3500-Be Beryllium
252
3500-Bi Bismuth
253
3500-B Boron
253
3500-Cd
Cadmium
253
3500-Ca
Calcium
254
A. Introduction
254
B. EDTA Titrimetric Method
.254
35OO-Cs Cesium
255
3500-Cr
Chromium
256
A. Introduction
256
B. Colorimetric Method
256
C. Ion Chromatographic Method
258
3500-Co Cobalt
261
3500-Cu
Copper
261
A. Introduction
261
B. Neocuproine Method
262
C. Bathocuproine Method
263
3500-Ga
Gallium
264
3500-Ge Germanium
264
3500-Au
Gold
265
3500-In Indium
265
3500-Ir Iridium
:
265
3500-Fe
Iron
266
A. Introduction
266
B. Phenanthroline Method
267
3500-Pb
Lead
269
A. Introduction
269
B, DithizoneMethod
270
3500-Li
Lithium
272
A. Introduction
：
272
B. Flame Emission Photometric Method
272
3500-Mg
Magnesium
273
A. Introduction
273
B. Calculation Method
274
35OO-Mn
Manganese
….274
A. Introduction
274
B. Persulfate Method
275
3500-Hg
Mercury
276
3500-Mo
Molybdenum
277
3500-Ni
Nickel
277
3500-Os
Osmium
278
3500-Pd
Palladium
278
3500-Pt
Platinum
278
3500-K
Potassium
279
A. Introduction
279
B. Flame Photometric Method
,…279
C. Potassium-Selective Electrode Method …280
3500-Re
Rhenium
—
281
3500-Rh
Rhodium
281
3500-Ru
Ruthenium
282
3500-Se
Selenium
282
A. Introduction
282
B.Sample Preparation
284
C. Colorimetric Method
286
D. Determination of Volatile Selenium
287
E. Determination of Nonvolatile
Organic Selenium Compounds
288
3500-Ag
Silver
289
35OO-Na
Sodium
290
A. Introduction
290
B. Flame Emission Photometric Method
290
35OO-Sr
Strontium
292
A. Introduction
292
B. Flame Emission Photometric Method
292
3500-Te
Tellurium
294
35OO-T1
Thallium
294
3500-Th
Thorium
295
35OO-Sn
Tin
295
3500-Ti
Titanium
295
3500-U
Uranium
296
3500-V
Vanadium
296
A. Introduction
296
B. Gallic Acid Method
297
3500-Zn
Zinc
298
A. Introduction
298
B. Zincon Method
299
Part 4000
Inorganic Nonmetallic
Constituents of Water and
Wastewater
301
Summary of Major Changes
302
4010
Introduction
303
4020
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
303
A. Introduction
303
xiii
Contents
B. Quality Control Practices
304
4110
Determination of Anions By Ion
Chromatography
309
A. Introduction
309
B. Ion Chromatography with Chemical
Suppression of Eluent Conductivity
309
C. Single-Column Ion Chromatography
with Direct Conductivity Detection
312
Ion Chromatographic Determination
of Oxyhalides and Bromide
313
4120
Segmented Continuous How Analysis
316
A. Introduction
316
B. Segmented How Analysis Method
317
4130
Inorganic Nonmetals By Flow Injection
Analysis
318
A. Introduction
318
B. Quality Control
319
4140
Inorganic Anions by Capillary Ion
Electrophoresis
319
A. Introduction
319
B. Capillary Ion Electrophoresis with
Indirect UV Detection
320
4500-B
Boron
328
A. Introduction
328
B. Curcumin Method
328
C, Carmine Method
330
4500-Br”
Bromide
331
A. Introduction
331
B. Phenol Red Colorimetric Method
331
C. (Reserved)
332
D. Flow Injection Analysis
332
4500-C02
Carbon Dioxide
334
A. Introduction
334
B. Nomographic Determination of Free
CO2 and the Three Forms of Alkalinity…334
C. Titrimetric Method for Free Carbon
Dioxide
338
D. Carbon Dioxide and Forms of
Alkalinity by Calculation
339
4500-Cr
Chloride
340
A. Introduction
340
B. Argentometric Method
340
C. Mercuric Nitrate Method—
341
D. Potentiometric Method
343
E. Automated Ferricyanide Method
344
E (Reserved)
345
G. Mercuric Thiocyanate How Injection
Analysis
;
345
45OO-C1
Chlorine (Residual)
347
A. Introduction
347
B. Iodometric Method1
349
C. Iodometric Method II
350
D. Amperometric Titration Method
352
E. Low-Level Amperometric Titration
Method
354
F. DPD Ferrous Titrimetric Method
355
G. DPD Colorimetric Method
357
H. Syringaldazine (FACTS) Method
358
I. Iodometric Electrode Technique
359
4500-C1O2
Chlorine Dioxide
360
A. Introduction
360
B. Iodometric Method
361
C. Amperometric Method1
362
D. (Reserved)
363
E. Amperometric Method II
363
4500-CN”
Cyanide
365
A. Introduction
365
B. Preliminary Treatment of Samples
368
C. Total Cyanide after Distillation
370
D. Titrimetric Method
371
E. Colorimetric Method
372
F. Cyanide-Ion Selective Electrode
Method
374
G. Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination
after Distillation
…375
H. Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination
without Distillation
(Short-Cut Method)
376
L Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide
378
J. Cyanogen Chloride
379
K. Spot Test for Sample Screening
.*….380
L. Cyanates
381
M.Thiocyanate
382
N. Total Cyanide after Distillation by
Flow Injection Analysis
383
O. Total Cyanide and Weak Acid Dissociable
Cyanide by Flow Injection Analysis
385
P. Total Cyanide by Segmented Flow
Injection, UV-Irradiation with
Gas Diffusion, and Amperometric
Measurement
387
Q, Weak and Dissociable Cyanide by
Flow Injection, Gas Diffusion,
and Amperometric Measurement
390
R, Free Cyanide by Flow Iiijection,
Gas Diffusion, andAmperometric
Measurement
393
4500-F
Fluoride
396
A. Introduction
396
B. Preliminary Distillation Step
397
C. Ion-Selective Electrode Method
398
D. Spadns Method
400
E. Complexone Method
401
F. (Reserved)
402
G. Ion-Selective Electrode Flow
Injection Analysis
402
4500-H2O2
Hydrogen Peroxide (Residual) (Proposed)
404
A. Introduction
404
B. Ferric Thiocyanate Colorimetric
Method
405
4500-IO3
Iodate
407
A. Introduction
407
B. Polarographic Method
407
4500-1“
Iodide
408
A. Introduction
408
B. Leuco Crystal Violet Method
409
C. Catalytic Reduction Method
410
D. Voltammetric Method
411
4500-1
Iodine
412
A. Introduction
412
xiv
Contents
B. Leuco Crystal Violet Method
413
C. Amperometric Titration Method
414
4500-N
Nitrogen…,.
415
A. Introduction
415
B. In-Line UV/Persulfate Digestion and
Oxidation with Flow Injection Analysis ..416
C. Persulfate Method
417
D. Conductimetric Determination of
Inorganic Nitrogen
419
E. Total Nitrogen Determination by Redox
and Chemiluminescence Detection
420
45OO-NH3
Nitrogen (Ammonia)
424
A. Introduction
：.
424
B. Preliminary Distillation Step
424
C. Titrimetric Method
425
D. Ammonia-Selective Electrode Method….426
E. Ammonia-Selective Electrode Method
Using Known Addition
428
F. Phenate Method
429
G. Automated Phenate Method
430
H. Flow Injection Analysis
431
4500-N03” Nitrogen (Nitrate)
433
A. Introduction
433
B. Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric
Screening Method
434
C. Second-Derivative Ultraviolet
Spectrophotometric Method
435
D. Nitrate Electrode Method
436
E. Cadmium Reduction Method
438
F. Automated Cadmium Reduction
Method
440
G.(Reserved)
442
H. Automated Hydrazine Reduction
Method
442
I. Cadmium Reduction Flow Injection
Method
443
J. Enzymatic Reduction Manual Method ….445
4500-N02
Nitrogen (Nitrite)…..
449
A. Introduction
449
B. Colorimetric Method
449
4500-Norg
Nitrogen (Organic)
451
A. Introduction
…451
B. Macro-Kjeldahl Method
452
C. Semi-Micro-Kjeldahl Method
453
D. Block Digestion and Flow Injection
Analysis
454
4500-0
Oxygen (Dissolved)
457
A. Introduction
457
B. Iodometric Methods
458
C. Azide Modification
459
D. Permanganate Modification
462
E. Alum Flocculation Modification
462
F. Copper Sulfate-Sulfamic Acid
Flocculation Modification
463
G. Membrane-Electrode Method
463
H. Optical-Probe Method
466
4500-03
Ozone (Residual)
467
A. Introduction
467
B. Indigo Colorimetric Method
468
4500-PAA
Peracetic Acid (Residual) (Proposed)
470
A. Introduction
470
B.DPD-Colorimetric Method
471
4500-H+
pH
473
A. Introduction
473
B. Electrometric Method
473
4500-P
Phosphorus
479
A. Introduction
479
B. Sample Preparation
482
C.VanadomolybdophosphoricAcid
Colorimetric Method
484
D. Stannous Chloride Method
485
E. Ascorbic Acid Method
486
F. Automated Ascorbic Acid Reduction
Method
487
G. Flow Injection Analysis for
Orthophosphate
488
H. Manual Digestion and Flow Injection
Analysis for Total Phosphorus
490
I. In-line UV/Persulfate Digestion and
Flow Injection Analysis for
Total Phosphorus
491
J. Persulfate Method for Simultaneous
Determination of Total Nitrogen
and Total Phosphorus
493
4500-KMnO4
Potassium Permanganate
495
A. Introduction
495
B. Spectrophotometric Method
495
4500-SiO2
Silica
497
A. Introduction
497
B. (Reserved)
..498
C. Molybdosilicate Method
498
D. Heteropoly Blue Method
500
E. Automated Method for Molybdate-
Reactive Silica
501
F. Flow Injection Analysis for
Molybdate-Reactive Silicate
501
4500-S042’ Sulfate
503
A. Introduction
503
B. (Reserved)
503
C. Gravimetric Method with Ignition
of Residue
503
D. Gravimetric Method with Drying
of Residue
504
E. Turbidimetric Method
505
F. Automated Methylthymol Blue
Method
506
G. Methylthymol Blue Flow Injection
Analysis
507
4500-S2’ Sulfide
509
A. Introduction
509
B. Separation of Soluble and Insoluble
Sulfides
511
C. Sample Pretreatment to Remove
Interfering Substances or to
Concentrate the Sulfide
512
D. Methylene Blue Method
512
E. Gas Dialysis, Automated Methylene
Blue Method
514
F. Iodometric Method
514
G. Ion-Selective Electrode Method
515
xv
Contents
H. Calculation of Un-ionized Hydrogen
Sulfide
517
I. Distillation, Methylene Blue Flow
Injection Analysis Method
519
J. Acid-Volatile Sulfide
521
4500-S032’
Sulfite
522
A. Introduction
522
B. Iodometric Method
522
C. Phenanthroline Method
523
Part 5000
Aggregate Organic
Constituents in Water
and Wastewater
525
Summary of Major Changes
526
5010
Introduction
527
A. General Discussion
527
B. Sample Collection and Preservation
527
5020
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
527
A. Introduction
527
B. Quality Control Practices
528
5210
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
532
A. Introduction
532
B. 5-Day BOD Test
533
C. Ultimate BOD Test
537
D. Respirometric Method
540
5220
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
543
A. Introduction
543
B. Open Reflux Method.
544
C Closed Reflux, Titrimetric Method
546
D. Closed Reflux, Colorimetric Method
547
5310
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
549
A. Introduction
549
B. High-Temperature Combustion
Method
552
C. Persulfate-Ultraviolet or Heated-
Persulfate Oxidation Method
556
D. (Reserved)
558
E. SupercriticalWater Oxidation Method ….558
5320
Dissolved Organic Halogen
561
A. Introduction
561
B. Adsorption-Pyrolysis-Titrimetric
Method
562
5510
Aquatic Humic Substances
568
A. Introduction
568
B. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Method
568
C. XAD Method
570
5520
Oil and Grease
571
A. Introduction
571
B. Liquid-Liquid, Partition-Gravimetric
Method
572
C. Partition-Infrared Method
574
D. Soxhlet Extraction Method
575
E. Extraction Method for Sludge Samples…576
F. Hydrocarbons
576
G.Solid-Phase, Partition-Gravimetric
Method
577
5530
Phenols
578
A. Introduction
578
B. Cleanup Procedure
579
C. Chloroform Extraction Method
580
D. Direct Photometric Method
582
5540
Surfactants
582
A. Introduction
582
B. Surfactant Separation by Sublation
583
C. Anionic Surfactants as MBAS
585
D. Nonionic Surfactants as CTAS
588
5550
Tannin and Lignin
590
A. Introduction
590
B. Colorimetric Method
590
5560
Organic And Volatile Acids
592
A. Introduction
592
B. Chromatographic Separation Method
for Organic Acids
592
C. Distillation Method
593
D. Gas Chromatographic Method
594
5710
Formation of Trihalomethanes and
Other Disinfection By-products
597
A. Introduction.
“..597
B. Trihalomethane Formation Potential
(THMFP)
599
C. Simulated Distribution System
Trihalomethanes (SDS-THM)
603
D. Formation of Other Disinfection
Byproducts (DBPs)
604
5910
UV-Absorbing Organic Constituents
606
A. Introduction
606
B. Ultraviolet Absorption Method
607
Part 6000
Individual Organic Compounds
in Water and Wastewater
6ii
Summary of Major Changes
612
6010
Introduction
613
A. General Discussion
613
B. Sample Collection and Preservation
615
C. Analytical Methods
616
6020
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
618
A. Introduction
618
B. Quality Control Practices
619
6040
Taste and Odor Compounds
623
A. Introduction
623
B. Closed-Loop Stripping, Gas
Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric
Analysis
623
C Purge and TrapTechnique
633
D.Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME)
633
E. Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME)
with CIGC/MS/MS
637
6200
Volatile Organic Compounds
642
A, Introduction
642
B. Purge and Trap Capillary-Column
Gas Chromatographic/Mass
Spectrometric Method
644
C. Purge and Trap Capillary-Column
Gas Chromatographic Method
649
xvi
Contents
6211
Methane
654
A. Introduction
654
B. Combustible-Gas Indicator Method
654
C. Volumetric Method
656
6231
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) and
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP)
656
A. Introduction
656
B. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method
657
C. Purge and Trap Gas Chromatographic/
Mass Spectrometric Method
659
D. Purge and Trap Gas Chromatographic
Method
659
6232
Trihalomethanes And Chlorinated
Organic Solvents
659
A. Introduction
659
B. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method
660
C. Purge-and-Trap Gas Chromatographic/
Mass Spectrometric Method
665
D. Purge-and-Trap Gas Chromatographic
Method
665
6251
Disinfection Byproducts: Haloacetic
Acids and Trichlorophenol
665
A. Introduction
665
B. Micro Liquid—Liquid Extraction
Gas Chromatographic Method..
666
6252
Disinfection Byproducts:
Aldehydes (Proposed)
675
A. Introduction
675
B. PFBHA Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Gas Chromatographic Method
676
6410
Extractable Base/Neutrals And Acids
683
A. Introduction
683
B. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic/Mass
Spectrometric Method
683
6420
Phenols
696
A. Introduction
696
B. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method
697
C. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic/Mass
Spectrometric Method
702
6431
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
702
A. Introduction
702
B. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method
702
C. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic/Mass
Spectrometric Method
702
6440
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
703
A. Introduction
703
B. Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Chromatographic Method
703
C. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic/Mass
Spectrometric Method
708
6450
Nitrosamines
709
A. Introduction
709
B. Carbonaceous-Resin Solid-Phase
Extraction GC/MS Method
710
C. Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction
GC/MS Method
‘
717
6610
Carbamate Pesticides
721
A. Introduction
721
B. High-PerformanceLiquid
Chromatographic Method
721
6630
Organochlorine Pesticides
729
A. Introduction
729
B. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method1
729
C. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method II
735
D. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic/Mass
Spectrometric Method
742
Appendix—Standardization of
Magnesia-Silica Gel Column by
Weight Adjustment Based on
Adsorption of Lauric Acid
.742
6640
Acidic Herbicide Compounds
743
A. Introduction
743
B. Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Gas Chromatographic Method
743
6651
Glyphosate Herbicide
753
A. Introduction
753
B. Liquid Chromatographic Post-Column
Fluorescence Method
754
6710
Tributyltin
756
A. Introduction
756
B. Gas Chromatographic/Mass
Spectrometric Method
757
C. Gas Chromatographic/Flame
Photometric Detector Method
761
6810
Pharmaceuticals and Personal
Care Products
762
A. Introduction
762
B. Polymeric-Resin Solid-Phase
Extraction LC-MSZMS Method
763
Part 7000
Radioactivity in Water and
Wastewater
771
Summary of Major Changes
772
7010
Introduction
773
A. General Discussion
773
B. Sample Collection and Preservation
774
7020
Quality System
775
A. Quality Systems/Quality Assurance/
Quality Control Program
775
B. Quality Control for Wastewater
Samples
780
C. Statistics
780
D. Calculation and Expression of
Results
784
7030
Counting Instruments
784
A. Introduction
784
xvii
Contents
B. Description and Operation of
Instruments
784
7040
Facilities
790
A. Counting Room
790
B. Radiochemistry Laboratory
791
C. Laboratory Safety
791
D. Pollution Prevention
792
E. Waste Management
792
7110
Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved)
792
A. Introduction
792
B. Evaporation Method for Gross
Alpha-Beta
794
C Coprecipitation Method for Gross
Alpha Radioactivity in Water
800
D. Liquid Scintillation Spectroscopic
Method for Gross Alpha-Beta
803
E. Evaporation Method for Simultaneous
Gross Alpha-Beta
809
7120
Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
815
A. Introduction
815
B. Gamma Spectrometry Method
815
7500-Cs
Radioactive Cesium
825
A. Introduction
825
B. Precipitation Method
825
7500-1
Radioactive Iodine
826
A. Introduction
826
B, Precipitation Method
826
C, Ion-Exchange Method
827
D. Distillation Method
828
7500-Ra
Radium
829
A. Introduction
829
B. Precipitation Method
830
C. Emanation Method
833
D. Sequential Precipitation Method
838
E. Gamma Spectroscopy Method
840
7500-Rn
Radon
845
A. Introduction
845
B. Liquid Scintillation Method
846
7500-Sr
Total Radioactive Strontium and
Strontium-90
848
A. Introduction
848
B. Precipitation Method
849
7500-3H
Tritium
852
A. Introduction
852
B. LiquidScintillation Spectrometric Method..853
7500-U
Uranium
857
A. Introduction
857
B. Radiochemical Method
858
C. Isotopic Method
859
Part 8000
Toxicological Assessment of
Water and Wastewater
863
Summary of Major Changes
864
8010
Introduction
865
A. General Discussion
865
B. Terminology
866
C. Basic Requirements for Toxicity Tests ….867
D. Conducting Ibxicity Tests
868
E. Preparing Organisms for Toxicity Tests…871
F. Toxicity Ibst Systems, Materials,
and Procedures
878
G. Calculating, Analyzing, and Reporting
Results of Toxicity Tests
884
H. Interpreting and Applying Results
of Tbxicity Tests
887
I. Selected Toxicological Literature
889
8020
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
in Laboratory Toxicity Tests
889
A. General Discussion
889
B. Elements of QA/QC
890
8030
Mutagenesis
893
A. Introduction
893
B. Salmonella Microsomal Mutagenicity
Test
895
8050
Bacterial Bioluminescence
901
A. Introduction
901
B. Bacterial Bioluminescence Test
…..901
8070
P450 Reporter Gene Response to
Dioxin-Like Organic Compounds
905
A. Introduction
905
B.The P450 RGS Test
905
8071
Comet Assay—Single-Cell Gel
Electrophoresis Assay for Detecting
DNA Damage
906
A. Introduction
906
B. Comet Assay (Single-Cell Gel
Electrophoresis)
907
8080
Sediment Porewater Testing
911
A. Introduction
911
B. Sediment Collection and Storage
912
C. Extraction and Storage of Sediment
Porewater
912
D, Toxicity Testing Procedures
915
8110
Algae
918
8111
Biostimulation (Algal Productivity)
918
A. General Principles
918
B. Planning and Evaluating Algal Assays…..919
C. Apparatus
920
D. Sample Handling
920
E. Synthetic Algal Culture Medium
921
E Inoculum
921
G. Test Conditions and Procedures
922
H. Effect of Additions
923
I. Data Analysis and Interpretation
923
8112
Phytoplankton
924
A. Introduction
924
B. Inoculum
924
C. Test Conditions and Procedures
924
8113
Marine Macroalgae
925
A. Introduction
925
B. Selecting and Preparing Macrocystis
pyrifera Sporophylls
926
C. Toxicity Ibst Procedures
927
D. Data Evaluation
930
8200
Aquatic Flowering Plants
930
8211
Duckweed
931
xviii
Contents
A. Introduction
931
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
932
C. Toxicity Ibst Procedure
933
8220
Aquatic Emergent Plants
935
A. Introduction
935
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
936
C. Toxicity Test Procedure
937
8310
Ciliated Protozoa
939
A. Introduction
939
B. Growth Inhibition Test with Freshwater
Ciliate Dexiostoma (syn. Colpidium)
campylum
940
C. Chemotactic Test with Freshwater
CiliateTetrahymena thermophila
941
D. Growth Inhibition Test with the Soil
Ciliate Colpoda inflata
943
8420
Rotifers
945
A. Introduction
945
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
946
C. Ibxicity Test Procedures
947
8510
Annelids
949
A. Introduction
949
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
949
C. Toxicity Test Procedures
954
D. Sediment Test Procedures Using the
Marine Polychaete Neanthes
arenaceodentata
957
E. Sediment Test Procedures Using the
Marine Polychaete Polydora cornuta
960
F. Sediment Test Procedures Using the
Freshwater and Marine Oligochaetes
Pristina leidyi, Tubifex tubifex^ and
Lumbriculus variegatus
961
G. Data Evaluation
962
8610
Mollusks
963
A. Introduction
963
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
964
C. Short-Term Test Procedures Using
Marine Mollusk Larvae
965
D. Sediment Bioaccumulation Test
Procedures Using Marine Bivalves
968
E. Field Test Procedures Using Freshwater
and Marine Bivalves
970
8710
Arthropods
974
8711
Daphnia
974
A. Introduction
974
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
975
C. Taxicity Test Procedures
977
8712
Ceriodaphnia
979
A. Introduction
979
B. Selecting and Preparing Test Organisms..980
C. Toxicity Test Procedures
982
8714
Mysids
985
A. Introduction
985
B. Selecting and Preparing Ibst
Organisms
985
C. Ibxicity lest Procedures
990
8740
Decapods
995
A. Introduction
995
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
995
C. Toxicity Test Procedures
1002
D. Data Evaluation
1006
8750
Aquatic Insects
1006
A. Introduction
1006
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
1007
C. Toxicity Test Procedures
1009
D. Data Evaluation
1012
8810
Echinoderm Fertilization and
Development
1013
A. Introduction
1013
B. Selecting and Preparing Test
Organisms
1014
C. Echinoderm Fertilization Test
1015
D. Echinoderm Embryo Development
Test
1020
8910
Fish
1022
A. Introduction
1022
B. Fish Selection and Culture
Procedures
1022
C.Toxicity Test Procedures
1027
8921
Fathead Minnow
1033
A. Introduction
1033
B・Culture and Maintenance of Test
Organisms
1034
C Toxicity Test Procedures
1035
8930
Amphibians (Proposed)
1041
A. Introduction
1041
B. Culture and Maintenance of Ibst
Organisms
1042
C Toxicity Test Procedures
1045
Part 9000
Microbiological Analysis of
Water and Wastewater
1051
Summary of Major Changes
1052
9010
Introduction
j
1055
9020
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
1056
A. Introduction………’
1056
B. Intralaboratory Quality Control
Guidelines
1058
C. Interlaboratory Quality Control
1082
9030
Laboratory Apparatus
1084
A, Introduction
1084
B. Equipment Specifications
1084
9040
Washing Labware
1088
9050
Culture Media and Buffered Dilution1
Water
1090
A. General Procedures
1090
B. Water
1093
9060
Samples
1094
xix
Contents
A. Collection
1094
B. Preservation and Storage
1097
9211
Rapid Detection Methods
1098
A. Introduction
1098
B. Seven-Hour Fecal Coliform Test
1098
C. Special Techniques
1100
9212
Stressed, Injured, or Viable But
Nonculturable Bacteria
1100
A. Introduction
1100
B. Recovery Enhancement for Injured
Cells
1102
9213
Recreational Waters
1105
A. Introduction
1105
B. Swimming Pools
1106
C. Whirlpools.
1108
D. Natural Bathing Beaches
1109
E. Membrane Filter Technique for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1111
F. Multiple-Tube Technique for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1112
G. Enzyme Substrate Test for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1112
9215
Heterotrophic Plate Count
1115
A. Introduction
1115
B. Pour Plate Procedure
1120
C. Spread Plate Procedure
1121
D. Membrane Filter Procedure
1122
E. Enzyme Substrate Method
1122
9216
Direct Total Microbial Count
1123
A. Introduction
1123
B. Epifluorescence Microscopical
Method Using Acridine Orange
1123
9217
Biodegradable Organic Matter
1125
A. Introduction
1125
B. Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain P-17,
Spirillum Strain NOX Method
1127
9218
Aerobic Endospores
1129
A. Introduction
1129
B. Membrane Filter Method
1130
9221
Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group
1133
A. Introduction
1133
B. Standard Total Coliform Fermentation
Technique
1134
C. Estimation of Bacterial Density
1137
D. Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform
Test
1140
E. Thermotolerant (Fecal) Coliform
Procedure
1142
E Escherichia coli Procedure Using
Fluorogenic Substrate
1143
G. Other Escherichia coli Procedures
1144
9222
Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group
1145
A. Introduction
1145
B. Standard Total Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure Using m-Endo Media..1147
C. Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform
Procedure
1152
D. Thermotolerant (Fecal) Coliform
Membrane Filter Procedure
1153
E. Delayed-Incubation Thermotolerant
(Fecal) Coliform Procedure
1156
F. Klebsiella Membrane Filter Procedure..1157
G. Partitioning Thermotolerant Coliforms
from MF Total Coliforms Using
EC Broth
1158
H. Partitioning E. coli from MF Total
Coliform Using EC-MUG Broth
1159
I. Partitioning E coli from MF Total
Coliforms Using NA-MUG Agar
^..1160
J. Simultaneous Detection of Total
Coliforms and E coli by
Dual-Chromogen Membrane
‘
Filter Procedure
1161
K. Simultaneous Detection of Total
Coliforms and E. coli by Fluorogen
and Chromogen Membrane Filter
Procedure
1162
9223
Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test
1163
A. Introduction
1163
B. Enzyme Substrate Test
1164
9224
Detection of Coliphages
1167
A. Introduction
1167
B. (Reserved)
1169
C. (Reserved)
1169
D. (Reserved)
1169
E. Single Agar Layer Procedure
1169
F. Two-Step Enrichment Procedure
1174
G.Commercial Methods—Fast Phage
Procedure (Proposed)
1178
H.Membrane Filter Procedure
1181
9225
Differentiation of Coliform Bacteria
1186
A. Introduction
1186
B. Culture Purification Procedure
1187
C. Identification
1187
D. Media, Reagents, and Procedures
1189
E. Reporting Results
1191
9230
Fecal Enterococci
1192
A. Introduction
1192
B. Multiple-Tube Technique
1193
C. Membrane Filter Techniques
1196
D. Fluorogenic Substrate Enterococcus
Test
1198
E. Quantitative PCR for Enterococci
1199
9240
Iron and Sulfur Bacteria
1203
A. Introduction
1203
B. Iron Bacteria
1204
C. Sulfur Bacteria
1208
D. Enumerating, Enriching, and Isolating
Iron and Sulfur Bacteria
1210
E. Bacteria Living in Acidic
Environments
1217
9245
Nitrifying Bacteria
1221
A. Introduction
1221
B. Multiple-Tube Method
1223
9250
Detection of Actinomycetes
1224
A. Introduction
1224
B. Actinomycete Plate Count
1225
xx
Contents
9260
Introduction to Detecting Pathogenic
Bacteria
1228
9262
Aeromonas
1231
A. General Principles
1231
B. Procedures
1232
9264
Campylobacter
1233
A. Introduction
1233
B. Procedures
1234
9266
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
….1236
A. Introduction
1236
B. Procedures
1237
9268
Legionella
1241
A. Introduction
1241
B. Collection of Samples
1243
C. Pretreatment of Water Samples
1245
D.Culture Media
1246
E. Procedure
1249
F. Other Methods for Detection of
Legionella
1250
9270
Leptospira
1252
A. Introduction
1252
B. Procedures
1253
9272
Mycobacterium
1256
9274
Salmonella
1259
A. Introduction
1259
B. Detection Methods
1260
9276
Shigella
1264
A. Introduction
1264
B. Procedures
1265
9278
Vibrio
1268
A. Introduction
1268
B. Procedures
1269
9280
Yersinia enterocolitica
1275
A. Introduction
1275
B. Procedures
1276
9510
Detection of Enteric Viruses
1278
A. Introduction
1278
B. Virus Concentration from Small
Sample Volumes by Adsorption to
and Elution from Microporous Filters …1281
C. Virus Concentration from Large
Sample Volumes by Adsorption to
and Elution from Microporous Filters …1284
D. Virus Concentration by Aluminum
Hydroxide Adsorption-Precipitation
1288
E. Hydroextraction-Dialysis with
Polyethylene Glycol
1289
F. Recovery of Viruses from Suspended
Solids in Water and Wastewater
1290
G. Assay and Identification-of Viruses
in Sample Concentrates
1291
9610
Detection of Fungi
1295
A. Introduction
1295
B. Pour Plate Technique
1298
C. Spread Plate Technique
1299
D. Membrane Filter Technique
1300
E. Technique for Yeasts
1301
F. Zoosporic Fungi
1301
G. Aquatic Hyphomycetes
1302
H. Fungi Pathogenic to Humans
1303
I. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Methods
1304
9711
Pathogenic Protozoa
1305
A. Introduction
1305
B. Detection of Giardia and
Cryptosporidium in Water
1310
C. Detection of Giardia and
Cryptosporidium in Wastewater
1318
D. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium in
Cell Culture
1318
9750
Detection of Naegleria Fowleri in
Water (Proposed)
1321
A. Introduction
1321
B. Detection Methods
1322
Part 10000
Assessment of Aquatic
Biology
1327
Summary of Major Changes
1328
10010
Introduction
1329
10110
Algal Toxin Analysis—Microcystins
and Nodularins (Proposed)
1330
A. Introduction
1330
B. Analysis by Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
1332
C. Chemical Oxidation and LC-MSZMS
Analysis for Total Microcystins
and Nodularins
1337
10150
Chlorophyll A
1341
A. Introduction
1341
B. Spectrophotometric Determination
of Chlorophyll A
1342
C. Fluorometric Determination of
Chlorophyll A
1343
D. HPLC Determination of Algal
Chlorophylls and Their
Degradation Products
1344
E. HPLC Determination of Algal
Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments…1346
10200
Plankton
1350
A. Introduction
1350
B. Sample Collection and Storage
1351
C. Concentration Techniques
1358
D. Preparing Slide Mounts
1360
E. Microscopes and Calibrations
1361
F. Phytoplankton Counting Techniques…..1363
G. Zooplankton Counting Techniques
1367
H. Determination of Biomass
(Standing Crop)
1369
I. Metabolic Rate Measurements
1371
10300
Periphyton
1374
A. Introduction
1374
B. Sample Collection
1374
C. Sample Analysis
1377
D. Primary Productivity
1379
E. Interpreting and Reporting Results
1388
10400
Macrophytes
1390
A. Introduction
1390
xxi
Contents
B. Preliminary Survey
1391
C. Vegetation Mapping Methods
1392
D. Population Estimates
1394
E. Productivity
1397
10500
Benthic Macroinvertebrates
1406
A. Introduction
1406
B. Sample Collection
1408
C. Sample Processing and
Analysis
1417
D. Data Evaluation, Presentation,
and Conclusions
1419
10600
Fish…
1422
A. Introduction
1422
B. Data Acquisition
1423
C. Sample Preservation
1432
D. Analysis of Collections
1434
E. Investigation of Fish Kills
1438
10700
Benthic Meiofauna
1439
10750
Nematological Examination
1440
A. Introduction
1440
B. Collection and Processing Techniques
fbr Nematodes
1442
C. Illustrated Key to Freshwater
Nematodes
1443
10900
Identification of Aquatic Organisms
1460
A. Identification Procedure
1460
B. Key to Major Groups of Aquatic
Organisms (Plates 1^0)
1461
Acknowledgments
1464
Aquatic Organisms (Plates 1 to 27)
1465
C. Key for Identification of Common
Freshwater Algae (Plates 1A, IB,
4A,4B, and 28-40)
1498
D. Index to Illustrations
1504
E. Selected Taxonomic References
1508
Index
1517

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