Nonrepayable and nonrepaying payments by governments, plus government acquisition of claims on others (loans and equities), less repayments of lending and sales of equities previously purchased.Institutional strength and quality of the bureaucracy is a shock absorber that tends to minimize revisions of policy when governments change. In low-risk countries, the bureaucracy is somewhat autonomous from political pressure. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.) Ranging from Very High Risk (00.0 – 49.5) to Very Low Risk (80.0 – 100). The higher the points, the lower the risk.A measure of corruption within the political system that is a threat to foreign investment by distorting the economic and financial environment, reducing the efficiency of government and business by enabling people to assume positions of power through patronage rather than ability, and introducing inherent instability into the political process. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.)

Total balance of payments on goods and services and all transfer payments: the difference between (a) exports of goods and services, plus inflows of unrequited official and private transfers, and (b) imports of goods and services, plus unrequited transfers to the rest of the world. Risk ratings for 18-month and five-year forecast periods, expressed both as alpha grades and as numerical scores, ranging from the least risk at A+ (<0.25) to the most risk at D- (>2.75). Also included are the previous alpha grades for both forecast periods. prior to 2000, to the DM). Risk ratings for 18-month and five-year forecast periods, expressed both as alpha grades and as numerical scores, ranging from the least risk at A+ (<0.25) to the most risk at D- (>2.75). Also included are the previous alpha grades for both forecast periods.

A measure of both the risk to the incumbent government from foreign action, ranging from non-violent external pressure (diplomatic pressures, withholding of aid, trade restrictions, territorial disputes, sanctions, etc) to violent external pressure (cross-border conflicts to all-out war). The risk rating assigned is the sum of three subcomponents: War, Cross-Border Conflict, and Foreign Pressures.(Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.)

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To ensure comparability between countries, risk components are based on accepted ratios between the measured data within the national economic/financial structure, and then the ratios are compared, not the data. Risk points are assessed for each of the component factors of foreign debt as a percentage of GDP, foreign debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services (XGS), current account as a percentage of XGS, net liquidity as months of import cover, and exchange rate stability. Risk ratings range from a high of 50 (least risk) to a low of 0 (highest risk), though lowest de facto ratings are generally near 20. The transfer could be for the payment of exports, repatriation of profits, capital or dividends. Risk ratings for 18-month and five-year forecast periods, expressed both as alpha grades and as numerical scores, ranging from the least risk at A+ (<0.25) to the most risk at D- (>2.75). Also included are the previous alpha grades for both forecast periods.

international country risk guide data xls

Commentary includes a discussion of policies and attitudes likely under the three alternative regime scenarios during the forecast period, and might also cover aid from other countries and from international financial institutions. Such pressures can range from diplomatic pressures, through suspension of aid and/or credits, to outright sanctions.Year-end value of foreign currency holdings (excluding gold) retained by the central bank for purposes of exchange intervention or settlement of intergovernmental claims.Nominal value of the total final output of goods and services produced within a country’s territorial jurisdiction, regardless of the foreign or domestic ownership of the source of the production.A measure of both of the government’s ability to carry out its declared program(s), and its ability to stay in office.

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The risk rating assigned is the sum of three subcomponents: Government Unity, Legislative Strength, and Popular Support.(Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.)Annual net liquidity expressed as months of import cover and calculated as the official reserves of the individual countries, including their official gold reserves calculated at current free market prices, but excluding the use of IMF credits and the foreign liabilities of the monetary authorities.A measure of the factors affecting the risk to investment that are not covered by other political, economic and financial risk components. The risk rating assigned is the sum of three subcomponents: Contract Viability/Expropriation, Profits Repatriation, and Payment Delays. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.)

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These elements might include such factors as protectionist sentiment, licensing requirements, quotas, restricted or banned goods, as well as underlying factors, such as lack of foreign currency, nationalistic motivations, and employment problems, that could act as barriers to trade. Risk ratings range from a high of 100 (least risk) to a low of 0 (highest risk), though lowest de facto ratings generally range in the 30s and 40s.A measure of religious tensions arising from the domination of society and/or governance by a single religious group — or a desire to dominate — in a way that replaces civil law by religious law, excludes other religions from the political/social processes, suppresses religious freedom or expressions of religious identity.

The risks involved range from inexperienced people imposing inappropriate policies to civil dissent or civil war. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.) The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.) The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.) The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.)

The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.)0.4 with 5.0 points. The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.) The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.) The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.)10 with O.0 points. The higher the points, the lower the risk. (Refer to ICRG Methodology for maximum points for this variable, as well as for related formulas for calculating risk.) The fundamental difference between a terrorist campaign and a civil war is that the former do not hold and administer territory within a nation state. Takes into account violence from political groups or foreign governments operating within a country or from an external base, including riots, politically motivated strikes (but not including legal, non-violent strikes), demonstrations, terrorism, guerrilla activities, and civil or international war.