دانلود گزارش IHS PEP Report : Polyethylene Terephthalate PEP 18D
دانلود گزارش IHS PEP Report : Polyethylene Terephthalate Process Economics Program Report 18D و خرید ریپورت PEP Report 18D
خرید گزارش PEP Report 18D
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دانلود گزارش IHS PEP Report : Polyethylene Terephthalate Process Economics Program Report 18D
Polyethylene terephthalate, commonly referred to as PET or simply polyester, is used to make products such as polyester fibers, PET packaging resins,and oriented PET (OPET) film. In 2016, world consumption of PET polymer was about 67.2 milliontons. The polyester fiber segment accountedfor about 65% of the global demand in 2016. The next largest end-use segment—packaging resin—makes up about 30% of total PET polymer consumption. Since our last PEP Report on PET in 2006—PEP Report 18C,Polyethylene Terephthalate(September 2006)—continued process improvements have included larger-capacity PET plants, about1milliontons per year. In 2006, a worldscale PET plant was about 450,000 tonsper year. In addition, process improvement has resulted in substantial reduction of CAPEX and OPEX involved in production of PET solid-state resin. In the current report, we discuss current production processes to produce PET resin grades for packaging or bottles. Features and differences among processes are summarized. The status of PET process licensors and what they offer are compared. A brief market overview summarizes the global supply and demand and end-use markets and demand drivers. The report presents the production economics for producing PET packaging resins by: INVISTAcontinuouspolymerization PET process Polymetrix (Buhler) EcoSphere™ SSP process Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin (MTR®)process IntegratedINVISTA continuous polymerizationPET—Polymetrix (Buhler) EcoSphere™ SSP process
پلیاتیلن ترفتالات که معمولاً به عنوان PET یا به طور خلاصه پلیاستر شناخته میشود، برای ساخت محصولاتی مانند الیاف پلیاستر، رزینهای بستهبندی PET و فیلم PET جهتدار (OPET) استفاده میشود. در سال ۲۰۱۶، مصرف جهانی پلیمر PET حدود ۶۷.۲ میلیون تن بود. بخش الیاف پلیاستر حدود ۶۵٪ از تقاضای جهانی در سال ۲۰۱۶ را به خود اختصاص داد. بخش بعدی که بزرگترین مصرف نهایی است – رزین بستهبندی – حدود ۳۰٪ از کل مصرف پلیمر PET را تشکیل میدهد.
از آخرین گزارش PEP ما در مورد PET در سال ۲۰۰۶ – گزارش PEP 18C، پلیاتیلن ترفتالات (سپتامبر ۲۰۰۶) – بهبودهای مداوم فرآیند شامل کارخانههای PET با ظرفیت بالاتر، حدود ۱ میلیون تن در سال، بوده است. در سال ۲۰۰۶، یک کارخانه PET در مقیاس جهانی حدود ۴۵۰،۰۰۰ تن در سال ظرفیت داشت. علاوه بر این، بهبود فرآیند منجر به کاهش قابل توجه هزینههای سرمایهای (CAPEX) و هزینههای عملیاتی (OPEX) درگیر در تولید رزین حالت جامد PET شده است. در گزارش فعلی، ما فرآیندهای تولید فعلی برای تولید گریدهای رزین PET برای بستهبندی یا بطری را مورد بحث قرار میدهیم. ویژگیها و تفاوتهای بین فرآیندها خلاصه شده است. وضعیت صادرکنندگان مجوز فرآیند PET و آنچه ارائه میدهند، مقایسه شده است. یک مرور کلی از بازار، عرضه و تقاضای جهانی و بازارهای مصرف نهایی و محرکهای تقاضا را خلاصه میکند. این گزارش، اقتصاد تولید برای تولید رزینهای بستهبندی PET را با استفاده از موارد زیر ارائه میدهد:
Contents 1Introduction10 2Summary13 Introduction13 Industrial aspects13 World demand13 PET applications14 PET production capacity14 PET producers14 Process licensors and process owners15 Technical aspects16 Processtechnology16 INVISTAcontinuous polymerizationPET process17 Polymetrix (Buhler) EcoSphere™SSP process17 Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin (MTR®) process18 Economic aspects18 Capital cost comparison18 Production cost comparison20 3Industry status22 Introduction22 PET applications22 PET demand and growth25 PET production capacity27 PET price28 PET producers29 PET technology licensors or process owners31 Alpek31 AQUAFIL Engineering GmbH32 China Kunlun Contracting and Engineering Corporation (CKCEC)32 Hitachi, Ltd.32 Huitong Chemical Engineering TechniqueCo., Ltd.33 INVISTA Performance Technologies (IPT)33 JOYOU Chemical Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd.36 Mossi & Ghisolfi (M&G) Group37 POLYMETRIX38 Technip Zimmer39 Uhde Inventa-Fischer39 UOP40 4Technology41 Introduction41 PET properties41 PET value chain41 Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) production42 Crude terephthalic acid production43 TPA purification44 BP new generation process for PTA production46 Medium terephthalic acid (MTA) production
HS Chemical | PEP Report 18D Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production48 Esterification or transesterification48 Melt-phase polycondensation50 Catalysts and additives50 Degradation reactions and other side-reactions52 Conventional process for bottle-grade PET resin production53 Melt polycondensation processes for PET production54 Hitachi PET process54 Technip Zimmer standard melt polycondensation process58 INVISTA Performance Technologies (IPT) polyester polymerization process60 AQUAFIL two-reactor polyester technology64 China Textile Industrial Engineering Institute (CTIEI) PET process64 Huitong Chemical Engineering Technique PET process64 JOYOU Chemical Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd.64 Pelletizing systems65 Solid-state polymerization (SSP) processes66 High IV PET(bottle-grade PET) production without SSP71 Alpek/Grupo Petrotemex (formerly Eastman) IntegRex®PET (iPET®) technology72 Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin (MTR®) process74 Technip Zimmer Direct High IV (DHI) process78 5Polyethylene terephthalate (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process80 Introduction80 Process description80 Offsites88 Section 100—Esterification section88 Section 200—Polycondensation section88 Process discussion89 Raw material89 Plant design capacity90 Onstream factor90 Esterification90 Prepolymerization91 Polycondensation91 Pelletization91 Additives92 Material of construction92 Waste treatment92 Cost estimates for production of PET chips (IV 0.6 dL/g)93 Capital costs93 PET chips (IV 0.60 dL/g) production costs98 Cost estimates for production of PET polymer melt (IV 0.6 dL/g)100 Capital costs100 PET polymer melt (IV 0.60 dL/g) production costs103 6Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP melt-to-pellet crystallization process105 Introduction105 Process description105 Section 100—Pelletization section111 Section 200—Solid-state polymerization section111 Process discussion112 Raw material112 Plant design capacity112 Onstream factor112 Pelletization112 Solid state polymerization
Material of construction114 Waste treatment114 Cost estimates114 Capital costs114 Bottle-grade PET production costs from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process119 7Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process with Polymetrix SSP process121 Introduction121 Process description121 Offsites132 Section 100—Esterification section132 Section 200—Polycondensation section133 Section 300—Solid-state polymerization section133 Processdiscussion134 Raw material134 Plant design capacity135 Onstream factor135 Esterification135 Prepolymerization135 Polycondensation136 Pelletization136 Solid state polymerization136 Additives138 Material of construction138 Waste treatment138 Cost estimates139 Capital costs139 Bottle-grade PET production costs144 8Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin (MTR®) process147 Introduction147 Process description147 Offsites154 Section 100—Esterification and prepolycondensation154 Section 200—Polycondensation section156 Process discussion156 Raw material156 Plant design capacity157 Onstream factor157 ESPREE®reactor157 Polycondensation158 Granulation and chip conditioning159 Material of construction160 Waste treatment160 Cost estimates160 Capital costs160 Bottle-grade PET production costs165 Appendix A—Patent summaries167 Appendix B—Design and cost basis176 Design conditions177 Site location177 Facility site basis177 Cost bases177 Capital investment
Project construction timing179 Available utilities179 Production costs180 Effect of operating level on production costs180 Appendix C—Cited references182 Appendix D—Patent references by company190 Appendix E—Process flow diagrams193 Tables Table 2.1 Leading global producers of PET melt-phase resins—201615 Table 2.2 Leading global producers of PET bottle resins—201615 Table 2.3 Process licensors/technology owners16 Table 2.4 Capital intensity forworldscale650 ktpy PET plant19 Table 2.5 PET production costs20 Table 3.1 PET bottle resin price28 Table 3.2 Polyester fiber price29 Table 3.3 Leading global producers of PET melt-phase resins—201629 Table 3.4 Leading global producers of PET bottle resins—201630 Table 3.5 Leading global producers of polyester textile fibers—201630 Table 3.6 Leading US producers of PET melt-phase resins—201631 Table 3.7 PET plants using Hitachi PET process33 Table 3.8 Plants using INVISTA polyester technology35 Table 3.9 Large PET plants using INVISTA technology36 Table 3.10 PET plants using POLYMETRIX SSP38 Table 3.11 PET plants using Uhde Inventa Fischer Melt-to-Resin (MTR®) process40 Table 4.1 Typical composition of CTA44 Table 4.2 Typical composition of PTA46 Table 4.3 Typical specification of Eastman PTA48 Table 4.4 Typical specification of polyester-grade EG48 Table 5.1 Polyethylene terephthalate (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process— Design bases81 Table 5.2 Polyethylene terephthalate (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process— Major stream flows82 Table 5.3 Polyethylene terephthalate (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process— Major equipment85 Table 5.4 Polyethylene terephthalate (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process— Utilities summary88 Table 5.5 Typical composition of PTA89 Table 5.6 Typical specification of polyester-gradeEG90 Table 5.7 Summary of major waste streams93 Table 5.8Polyethylene terephthalate chips (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process—Total capital investment96 Table 5.10 Polyethylene terephthalate chips (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process—Production costs98 Table 5.11 Polyethylene terephthalate polymer melt (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process—Total capital investment101 Table 5.13 Polyethylene terephthalate polymer melt (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process—Production costs103 Table 6.1 Bottle-grade PET from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Design bases106 Table 6.2 Bottle-grade PET from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Major stream flows107
Table 6.3 Bottle-grade PET from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Major equipment109 Table 6.4 Bottle-grade PET from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Utilities summary111 Table 6.5 Summary of major waste streams114 Table 6.6 Bottle-grade PET chip from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)117 Table 6.7 Bottle-grade PET chips from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)118 Table 6.8 Bottle-grade PET chips from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Production costs119 Table 7.1 PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Design bases122 Table 7.2 PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Major stream flows123 Table 7.3 PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Major equipment128 Table 7.4 PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Utilities summary132 Table 7.5 Typical composition of PTA134 Table 7.6 Typical specification of polyester-grade EG134 Table 7.7 Summary of major waste streams138 Table 7.8PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)142 Table 7.9PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82dL/g)143 Table 7.10 PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Production costs144 Table 7.11 PET by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)—Production costs for 1,300 ktpy PET production based on two production lines (2×650 ktpy)146 Table 8.1 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process—Design bases148 Table 8.2 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process—Major stream flows149 Table 8.3Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process—Major equipment151 Table 8.4 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process—Utilities summary154 Table 8.5 Typical composition of PTA156 Table 8.6 Typical specification of polyester-grade EG157 Table 8.7 Summary of major waste streams160 Table 8.8 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process163 Table 8.9 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process164 Table 8.10 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process—Production costs165 Figures Figure 1.1 Molecular structures of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene terephthalate10 Figure 2.1 PET demand by region—201613 Figure 2.2 PET world consumption by application—2016
Figure 2.3 Effect of plant size on capital intensity19 Figure 2.4 Effect of plant size on production costs21 Figure 2.5 Effect of plant size on product values (15% ROI)21 Figure 3.1 PET world consumption by application—201623 Figure 3.2 PET North America consumption by application—201623 Figure 3.3 PET Northest Asia consumption by application—201624 Figure 3.4 Breakdown of polyester fiber applications—201625 Figure 3.5 PET demand by region—201626 Figure 3.6 Polyester fiber demand by region—201626 Figure 3.7 PET packaging resin demand by region—201627 Figure 3.8 PET melt-phase resin production capacity by region—201628 Figure 4.1 Structure of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)41 Figure 4.2 Integrated PET value chain42 Figure 4.3 Block flow diagram for CTA production43 Figure 4.4 Block flow diagram for PTA production45 Figure 4.5 Block flow diagram for EPTA production by the IntegRex®PTA process47 Figure 4.6 PET comonomers50 Figure 4.7 Block flow diagram for a conventional process to produce bottle-grade PET resin53 Figure 4.8 Hitachi three-drum PET production process (US 6096838)55 Figure 4.9 Hitachi PET production process—First reactor (US 6096838)56 Figure 4.10 Hitachi PET production process—Second reactor (US 6096838)57 Figure 4.11 Hitachi PET production process—Third reactor (US 6096838)58 Figure 4.12 Block flow diagram for Zimmer standard melt polycondensation process to produce PET resin58 Figure 4.13 Simplified diagram of Zimmer three-reactor process to produce PET resin59 Figure 4.14 Zimmer’s prepolymerization reactor for three-reactor PET process (US 7244806)60 Figure 4.15 INVISTA polyester polymerization process61 Figure 4.16 INVISTA’s variable pressure upflow prepolymerizer (UFPP) (US 20150051367)63 Figure 4.17 AQUAFIL two-reactor PET process64 Figure 4.18 Polymetrix SSP stand-alone process68 Figure 4.19 M&G Easy-up®process (US 8293850)70 Figure4.20 Zimmer’s Crystal SSP process71 Figure 4.21 Block flow diagram of Alpek/Grupo Petrotemex (formerly Eastman) IntegRex®PET (iPET®) to produce bottle-grade PET resin73 Figure 4.22 Esterification system using heat exchanger (US 7834109)74 Figure 4.23 Simplified flow diagram of Uhde Inventa Fischer’s Melt-to-Resin (MTR®) process to produce bottle-grade PET resin75 Figure 4.24 Uhde Inventa Fischer’s ESPREE®reactor (US 8252888)76 Figure 4.25 Uhde Inventa Fischer’s DISCAGE®reactor (US 8252888)77 Figure 4.26 Zimmer Direct High IV (DHI) process79 Figure 5.1 Polyethylene terephthalate (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process (sheet 1 of 2)194 Figure 5.1 Polyethylene terephthalate (IV 0.60 dL/g) by a process similar to INVISTA CP process (sheet 2 of 2)195 Figure 6.1 Bottle-grade PET from PET polymer melt by a process similar to Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g)196 Figure 7.1 Polyethylene terephthalate by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g) (sheet 1 of 3)197 Figure 7.1 Polyethylene terephthalate by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g) (sheet 2 of 3)198 Figure 7.1 Polyethylene terephthalate by a process similar to INVISTA CP process and Polymetrix EcoSphere™ SSP process (IV 0.82 dL/g) (sheet 3 of 3)199 Figure 8.1 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process (sheet 1 of 2)200 Figure 8.1 Polyethylene terephthalate (bottle-grade resin IV 0.82 dL/g) by a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Melt-to-Resin process (sheet 2 of 2)
