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برچسب: استاندارد AASHTO

  • پکیج کامل استاندارد AASHTO- American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

    پکیج کامل استاندارد AASHTO- American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

    دانلود استانداردهای انجمن ادارات حمل ونقل و بزرگراههاي ايالتي امريکا AASHTO

    دانلود انجمن پيشبرد ابزار دقيق پزشکي American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - AASHTOI - دانلود پکیج کامل استانداردهای AASHTO- خرید استاندارد AASHTO 2019
    دانلود انجمن پيشبرد ابزار دقيق پزشکي American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials – AASHTOI – دانلود پکیج کامل استانداردهای AASHTO- خرید استاندارد AASHTO 2019

    نحوه درخواست تکی استاندارد AASHTO

    لطفا مشخصات استاندارد AASHTO خود را با فرمت زیر به ایمیل ایمیل Download مربوط به GigaPaper.ir ارسال بفرمایید و یا فرم درخواست استاندارد AASHTO را در انتهای صفحه پر کنید.

    مشخصات استاندارد درخواستی AASHTO به عنوان مثال
    شماره استاندارد AASHTO:
    AASHTO LTS-6-I3
    عنوان استاندارد AASHTO :
    AASHTO 2020 Interim Revisions to Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals, 6th Edition, 2020 Interim Revisions
    زبان استاندارد ای ای اس اچ تی او: ENG
    سال انتشار American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials: 2020
    لینک استاندارد : https://www.techstreet.com/standards/aashto-lts-6-i3?product_id=2080128

    هزینه استاندارد AASHTO

    پس از ارسال درخواست، هزینه مطابق با تعداد استانداردهای AASHTO درخواستی، به شما اطلاع داده می شود. هرچه تعداد استانداردهای درخواستی بیشتر باشد، هزینه هر استاندارد AA کمتر می گردد.

    اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد استاندارد فروش پکیج کامل استاندارد AASHTO:

    پکیج کامل استاندارد AASHTO و همچنین پکیج های ماهیانه و سالیانه AASHTO مطابق با IHS ، با تخفیفات ویژه موجود می باشد. برای اطلاع از قیمتها و شرایط ویژه ایمیل بزنید.

    لیست استانداردهای پکیج 2019 استاندارد American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

    فرم درخواست استاندارد AASHTO :

      ایمیل شما (الزامی)

      شماره و اسم استاندارد (اجباری)

      لینک استاندارد از http://techstreet.com (اجباری)

      تلفن (اختیاری)

      نام شما (اختیاری)

      توضیحات تکمیلی (شامل اطلاعات واریزی – به کدام بانک ما هزینه واریز شده؟ چه مبلغی؟ چه تاریخی؟

    • دانلود کتاب AASHTO Standard Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing

      دانلود کتاب AASHTO Standard Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing

      دانلود کتاب AASHTO Standard Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing

      استانداردهای مواد AASHTO شامل مشخصات، روش های آزمون و استانداردهای موقت است که معمولا در ساخت امکانات بزرگراه استفاده می شود. این کتاب شامل استانداردهای زیادی برای رشته عمران می باشد. ایبوک  AASHTO HM-34 شامل 5684 صفحه است. این ایبوک در ژانویه 2019 دریافت شده است و کاملا بروز می باشد. هر زمان که این ایبوک را سفارش دهید، جدیدترین نسخه ان دریافت و ارسال می شود. لیست استانداردهایی که در کتاب AASHTO Standards  HM-34 وجود دارد در بخش فهرست مطالب آورده شده است.

      خرید کتاب Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, and AASHTO Provisional Standards

      فهرست مطالب استاندارد راهسازی اشتو دانلود کتاب Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing خرید ایبوک HM-34 کتاب آیین نامه راه سازی آشتو گیگاپیپر
      دانلود کتاب Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing خرید ایبوک HM-34 کتاب آیین نامه راه سازی آشتو

      The AASHTO Materials Standards contain specifications, test methods, and provisional standards commonly used in the construction of highway facilities.

      They are available as a one-year online subscription. When you subscribe, you will automatically receive access to all updates published during your subscription period, as well as access to recent past editions, with changes between editions highlighted for ease of reference.

      The Materials Standards are updated three times per year, in mid-April, mid-June, and mid-August.

      Free Download AASHTO HM-34 2018

      The April Update revises the sections on Hydraulic Cement and Lime, Fresh Concrete, Hardened Concrete, Pavement Measurement, Bridge and Pavement Preservation, and Quality Assurance and Environmental.
      The June Update revises the sections on General Manufactured Materials, including Concrete Drainage Structures, Flexible and Metallic Pipe, Markings and Coatings, and Safety Devices.
      The August Update revises the sections on Geotechnical, and Bituminous Materials and Mixtures.
      The April release of the 2018 edition, now available, includes 7 new and 29 revised standards.

      دانلود ایبوک AASHTO Standard Transportation

      برای خرید کتاب آیین نامه راه سازی آشتو با مشخصات زیر با ما مکاتبه کنید.

      Year Published: 2018
      Item Pages: 4855
      ISBN Number: 9781560517108

      استانداردهای اشتو عمران

      مجموعه کامل و جامع و بروز از استانداردهای عمران، در این کتاب وجود دارد. بجای خرید استانداردهای مختلف و تک تک عمران، با خرید این ایبوک یکجا به استانداردهای مربوطه دسترسی پیدا می کنید. شامل سه بخش است.

      ContentsParts 1A. &1B. Specifications
      Parts 2A. & 2B. Tests.
      Part 3. Provisional.

      Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing

      AASHTO., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

      فهرست مطالب ایبوک Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, and AASHTO Provisional Standards

      [pdf-embedder url=”http://www.GigaPaper.ir/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Free-Download-Ebook-HM-34-Table-of-Contents.pdf” title=”Free Download Ebook HM-34 Table of Contents”]

       

    • دانلود کتاب استاندارد Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware

      دانلود کتاب استاندارد Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware

      خرید استاندارد AASHTO دانلود کتاب Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware

      برای دانلود PDF کتاب Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware نسخه دوم سال 2016 با ما مکاتبه کنید.ایبوک اماده است و به محض واریز ، فایل PDF ارسال می شود.

      دانلود ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware

      خرید استاندارد AASHTO ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware دانلود PDF کتاب نسخه دوم سال 2016 Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition گیگاپیپر
      خرید ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware دانلود PDF کتاب نسخه دوم سال 2016

      Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition

      ISBN Number: 978-1-56051-665-1
      Item Format: Download
      Item Pages: 277
      Download: MASH Implementation Agreement (0.3 MB)
      Download: Table of Contents and Introduction (1.0 MB)
      Year Published: 2016
      Price: $20.00

      URL =bookstore.transportation.org

      فهرست مطالب کتاب Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware نسخه دوم

      خرید استاندارد AASHTO ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware برای دانلود PDF کتاب Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware نسخه دوم سال 2016 با ما مکاتبه کنید. دانلود ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware خرید استاندارد AASHTO ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware برای دانلود PDF کتاب نسخه دوم سال 2016 Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition دانلود PDF کتاب Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition ISBN Number: 978-1-56051-665-1 Item Format: Download Item Pages: 277 Download: MASH Implementation Agreement (0.3 MB) Download: Table of Contents and Introduction (1.0 MB) Year Published: 2016 Price: $10.00 URL =bookstore.transportation.org فهرست مطالب ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1—Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ...............................................................................................................................................1 1.2 UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY....................................................................................................................................2 1.3 PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS................................................................................................................................3 1.4 SAFETY FEATURES....................................................................................................................................................4 1.5 TEST LEVELS ..............................................................................................................................................................5 1.6 INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION .....................................................................................................................6 1.7 ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS ........................................................................................................6 1.8 ORGANIZATION OF MANUAL.................................................................................................................................7 Chapter 2—Test Matrices and Conditions .............................................................................................................................9 2.1 GENERAL.....................................................................................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Impact Conditions ................................................................................................................................................9 2.1.2 Tolerances on Impact Conditions ......................................................................................................................11 2.1.3 Safety Feature Orientation..................................................................................................................................13 2.2 TEST MATRICES .......................................................................................................................................................13 2.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers..........................................................................................................................................13 2.2.1.1 General ......................................................................................................................................................13 2.2.1.2 Description of Tests...................................................................................................................................15 2.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions ...........................................................................................................................25 2.2.2.1 General ......................................................................................................................................................25 2.2.2.2 Description of Tests...................................................................................................................................33 2.2.2.3 Other Terminals and Crash Cushion Systems...........................................................................................35 2.2.3 Truck- and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators and Variable Message Sign and Arrow Board Trailers......................36 2.2.3.1 General ......................................................................................................................................................36 2.2.3.2 Description of Tests...................................................................................................................................39 2.2.4 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, Breakaway Utility Poles, and Longitudinal Channelizers..................................................................................................................................39 2.2.4.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................39 2.2.4.2 Description of Tests...................................................................................................................................43 2.2.5 Roadside Geometric Features and Pavement Discontinuities...........................................................................44 2.3 IMPACT POINT FOR REDIRECTIVE DEVICES ...................................................................................................46 2.3.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................................46 2.3.2 Longitudinal Barriers .........................................................................................................................................46 2.3.2.1 Tests with 1100C and 2270P Vehicles ......................................................................................................48 2.3.2.2 Tests with 10000S, 36000V, and 36000T Vehicles ...................................................................................63 2.3.3 Terminals and Redirective Crash Cushions........................................................................................................63 2.3.3.1 Test 34 .......................................................................................................................................................63 2.3.3.2 Test 36 ......................................................................................................................................................64 2.3.3.3 Test 37 .......................................................................................................................................................64 2.3.3.4 Test 44 .......................................................................................................................................................65 2.4 SIDE IMPACT.............................................................................................................................................................65 Chapter 3—Test Installation .................................................................................................................................................67 3.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................................67 3.2 TESTING SITE............................................................................................................................................................67 3.3 SOIL.............................................................................................................................................................................68 3.3.1 Standard Soil ......................................................................................................................................................68 3.3.2 Soil Strength .......................................................................................................................................................68 3.3.3 Special Soils .......................................................................................................................................................72 3.3.4 Embedment of Test Article .................................................................................................................................72 3.3.5 Special Structures ...............................................................................................................................................73 3.4 TEST ARTICLE...........................................................................................................................................................73 3.4.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................................73 3.4.2 Installation Details..............................................................................................................................................74 © 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. Provided by IHS Licensee=/, User=, No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, Free Download PDF Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition 3.4.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers ................................................................................................................................74 3.4.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions..................................................................................................................76 3.4.2.3 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, and Breakaway Utility Poles ..........................76 3.4.2.4 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators (TMAs)......................................................................77 3.4.3 Test Installation Documentation.........................................................................................................................78 3.4.3.1 Longitudinal Barriers and Longitudinal Channelizers..............................................................................78 3.4.3.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions..................................................................................................................78 3.4.3.3 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, and Breakaway Utility Poles ..........................79 3.4.3.4 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators (TMAs)......................................................................79 3.4.4 Test Installation Disposal....................................................................................................................................80 Chapter 4—Test Vehicle Specifcations...............................................................................................................................81 4.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................................81 4.2 TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS.............................................................................................................................81 4.2.1 Production Vehicles ............................................................................................................................................83 4.2.1.1 Test Vehicle Mass......................................................................................................................................86 4.2.1.2 Ballast .......................................................................................................................................................87 4.2.1.3 Propulsion, Guidance, and Braking ..........................................................................................................88 4.2.1.4 Vehicle Damage ........................................................................................................................................88 4.2.1.5 Surrogate Occupants .................................................................................................................................89 4.2.1.6 Documentation ..........................................................................................................................................89 4.2.2 Surrogate Test Vehicles.......................................................................................................................................96 4.2.3 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuator (TMA) Support Vehicle........................................................97 4.3 VEHICLE INSTRUMENTATION ..............................................................................................................................97 4.3.1 Instrumentation Specifcations ...........................................................................................................................97 4.3.2 Accelerometer and Rate Gyro Placement and Data Reduction ..........................................................................99 Chapter 5—Test Evaluation Criteria...................................................................................................................................101 5.1 GENERAL.................................................................................................................................................................101 5.2 EVALUATION FACTORS AND CRITERIA...........................................................................................................101 5.2.1 Structural Adequacy .........................................................................................................................................104 5.2.2 Occupant Risk ..................................................................................................................................................105 5.2.3 Post-Impact Vehicular Response ......................................................................................................................108 5.3 GEOMETRIC FEATURES .......................................................................................................................................110 Chapter 6—Test Documentation........................................................................................................................................111 6.1 GENERAL REPORTING RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................111 6.1.1 General Information .........................................................................................................................................111 6.1.2 Report Contents................................................................................................................................................111 6.1.3 Findings Presentation Formats .........................................................................................................................115 6.1.4 Assessment .......................................................................................................................................................117 Chapter 7—In-Service Performance Evaluation ..............................................................................................................122 7.1 PURPOSE..................................................................................................................................................................122 7.2 OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................................................123 7.3 IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAM ................................................................................123 7.3.1 New Feature Evaluation ...................................................................................................................................123 7.3.2 Continuous Monitoring ....................................................................................................................................126 7.4 DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................................................128 Appendix A—Commentary..................................................................................................................................................129 CHAPTER ONE ..............................................................................................................................................................129 A1.2 UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY.............................................................................................................................129 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................................130 A2.1 GENERAL..............................................................................................................................................................130 A2.1.1 Impact Conditions..........................................................................................................................................131 A2.1.3 Safety Feature Orientation.............................................................................................................................132 A2.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers.....................................................................................................................................133 A2.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions .....................................................................................................................133 © 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. Provided by IHS Licensee=/, User=, No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, Free Download Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition x | Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware A2.2.3 Truck-Mounted Attenuators (TMA) ..............................................................................................................134 A2.2.4 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, Breakaway Utility Poles, and Longitudinal Channelizers.............................................................................................................................135 A2.3 IMPACT POINT FOR REDIRECTIVE DEVICES ...............................................................................................137 A2.3.2.1 Tests with 1100C and 2270P Vehicles..................................................................................................138 A2.3.2.2 Tests with 10000S, 36000V, and 36000T Vehicles ..............................................................................141 CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................................................142 A3.2 TESTING SITE.......................................................................................................................................................142 A3.3 SOIL........................................................................................................................................................................142 A3.3.1 Standard Soil .................................................................................................................................................143 A3.3.2 Soil Strength ..................................................................................................................................................143 A3.3.3 Special Soils ..................................................................................................................................................144 A3.3.4 Embedment of Test Article ............................................................................................................................144 A3.4 TEST ARTICLE......................................................................................................................................................144 A3.4.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers ...........................................................................................................................144 A3.4.2.4 Truck-Mounted Attenuators (TMA).....................................................................................................145 CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................................145 A4.2 TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS........................................................................................................................145 A4.2.1 Production Vehicles .......................................................................................................................................146 A4.2.1.1 Test Vehicle Mass.................................................................................................................................147 A4.2.1.2 Ballast...................................................................................................................................................148 A4.2.1.4 Vehicle Damage....................................................................................................................................148 A4.2.1.5 Surrogate Occupants ............................................................................................................................149 A4.2.2 Surrogate Test Vehicles..................................................................................................................................149 A4.2.3 TMA Support Truck.......................................................................................................................................151 A4.3.1 Instrumentation Specifcations ......................................................................................................................152 A4.3.2 Acceleration and Rate Gyro Placement and Data Reduction ........................................................................152 CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................................................156 A5.1 GENERAL..............................................................................................................................................................156 A5.2 EVALUATION FACTORS AND CRITERIA ........................................................................................................156 A5.2.1 Structural Adequacy ......................................................................................................................................156 A5.2.2 Occupant Risk................................................................................................................................................157 A5.2.3 Post-Impact Vehicular Response ...................................................................................................................162 A5.3 GEOMETRIC FEATURES.....................................................................................................................................163 CHAPTER SIX................................................................................................................................................................164 A6.1 GENERAL REPORTING RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................................164 CHAPTER SEVEN .........................................................................................................................................................164 A7.1 PURPOSE ...............................................................................................................................................................164 Appendix B—Soil Strength Performance Test .................................................................................................................166 B1 Purpose.......................................................................................................................................................................166 B2 Application .................................................................................................................................................................166 B3 Instrumented Post.......................................................................................................................................................166 B4 Post Placement ...........................................................................................................................................................169 B5 Dynamic Test..............................................................................................................................................................169 B6 Assurance of Soil Performance ..................................................................................................................................171 Appendix C—Electronic & Photographic Instrumentation Specifcations ................................................................... 174 Appendix D—Analytical and Experimental Tools.............................................................................................................212 D1 Useful Techniques......................................................................................................................................................212 D1.1 Structural Design ..............................................................................................................................................212 D1.2 Static Tests ........................................................................................................................................................212 D1.3 Computer Simulations ......................................................................................................................................214 D1.4 Laboratory Dynamic Tests ...............................................................................................................................216 D1.5 Gravitational Pendulum....................................................................................................................................216 D1.6 Drop Mass/Dynamic Test Device.....................................................................................................................217 D1.7 Scale Model .....................................................................................................................................................217 D1.8 Bogie Test ........................................................................................................................................................217 © 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. Provided by IHS Licensee=/, User=, No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, Download Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition D2 Comparison of Techniques ........................................................................................................................................218 Appendix E—Measurement of Vehicle Deformation ......................................................................................................220 E1 Pre-Impact Measurements..........................................................................................................................................220 E2 Post-Impact Measurements ........................................................................................................................................222 E3 Photographic Documentation .....................................................................................................................................222 E4 Procedure for Measuring Exterior Crush ...................................................................................................................224 Appendix F—Determination of THIV, PHD, and ASI ........................................................................................................228 F1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................228 F2 A Guide to the Measurement of the Theoretical Head Impact Velocity (THIV) and the Post-Impact Head Deceleration (PHD) ................................................................................................................228 F2.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................228 F2.2 Theoretical Head Impact Velocity (THIV) .......................................................................................................228 F2.3 Post-Impact Head Deceleration (PHD) ............................................................................................................232 F2.4 Summary of Procedure to Compute THIV and PHD .......................................................................................232 F3 A Guide to the Measurement of the Acceleration Severity Index (ASI) ...................................................................234 F3.1 Procedure ..........................................................................................................................................................234 F3.2 Summary ...........................................................................................................................................................235 Appendix G—Occupant Risk Estimation for 1500A Vehicle..........................................................................................237 G1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................237 G2. Occupant Risk Values for 1500A Vehicle .................................................................................................................238 G2.1 Procedure Details .............................................................................................................................................238 Appendix H—Test Vehicle Selection Procedures.............................................................................................................242 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................................249 References and Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................254 دانلود رایگان کتابچه استاندارد Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware چند صفحه از استاندارد Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware در ادامه بصورت رایگان قرار داده شده است، تا از کیفیت فایل PDF اطمینان پیدا کنید. خرید استاندارد AASHTO ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware برای دانلود PDF کتاب نسخه دوم سال 2016 Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition خرید استاندارد AASHTO ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware برای دانلود PDF کتاب نسخه دوم سال 2016 خرید استاندارد AASHTO ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware برای دانلود PDF کتاب نسخه دوم سال 2016 Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition خرید ایبوک Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware برای دانلود PDF کتاب نسخه دوم سال 2016 Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition

      TABLE OF CONTENTS
      Chapter 1—Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
      1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
      1.2 UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
      1.3 PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3
      1.4 SAFETY FEATURES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
      1.5 TEST LEVELS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
      1.6 INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
      1.7 ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS …………………………………………………………………………………………..6
      1.8 ORGANIZATION OF MANUAL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
      Chapter 2—Test Matrices and Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
      2.1 GENERAL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
      2.1.1 Impact Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
      2.1.2 Tolerances on Impact Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….11
      2.1.3 Safety Feature Orientation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
      2.2 TEST MATRICES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
      2.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13
      2.2.1.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13
      2.2.1.2 Description of Tests…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15
      2.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………25
      2.2.2.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25
      2.2.2.2 Description of Tests…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
      2.2.2.3 Other Terminals and Crash Cushion Systems……………………………………………………………………………….35
      2.2.3 Truck- and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators and Variable Message Sign and Arrow Board Trailers………………….36
      2.2.3.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36
      2.2.3.2 Description of Tests…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39
      2.2.4 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, Breakaway Utility Poles, and
      Longitudinal Channelizers………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39
      2.2.4.1 General …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39
      2.2.4.2 Description of Tests…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..43
      2.2.5 Roadside Geometric Features and Pavement Discontinuities…………………………………………………………………44
      2.3 IMPACT POINT FOR REDIRECTIVE DEVICES ………………………………………………………………………………………46
      2.3.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………46
      2.3.2 Longitudinal Barriers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..46
      2.3.2.1 Tests with 1100C and 2270P Vehicles …………………………………………………………………………………………48
      2.3.2.2 Tests with 10000S, 36000V, and 36000T Vehicles ………………………………………………………………………..63
      2.3.3 Terminals and Redirective Crash Cushions…………………………………………………………………………………………..63
      2.3.3.1 Test 34 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….63
      2.3.3.2 Test 36 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………64
      2.3.3.3 Test 37 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….64
      2.3.3.4 Test 44 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….65
      2.4 SIDE IMPACT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….65
      Chapter 3—Test Installation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….67
      3.1 GENERAL……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….67
      3.2 TESTING SITE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………67
      3.3 SOIL………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..68
      3.3.1 Standard Soil ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………68
      3.3.2 Soil Strength …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….68
      3.3.3 Special Soils …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….72
      3.3.4 Embedment of Test Article …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………72
      3.3.5 Special Structures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..73
      3.4 TEST ARTICLE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..73
      3.4.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………73
      3.4.2 Installation Details…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….74
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      3.4.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..74
      3.4.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions……………………………………………………………………………………………………76
      3.4.2.3 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, and Breakaway Utility Poles ……………………..76
      3.4.2.4 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators (TMAs)…………………………………………………………….77
      3.4.3 Test Installation Documentation………………………………………………………………………………………………………….78
      3.4.3.1 Longitudinal Barriers and Longitudinal Channelizers……………………………………………………………………78
      3.4.3.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions……………………………………………………………………………………………………78
      3.4.3.3 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, and Breakaway Utility Poles ……………………..79
      3.4.3.4 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators (TMAs)…………………………………………………………….79
      3.4.4 Test Installation Disposal……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………80
      Chapter 4—Test Vehicle Specifcations……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….81
      4.1 GENERAL……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….81
      4.2 TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..81
      4.2.1 Production Vehicles …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..83
      4.2.1.1 Test Vehicle Mass……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..86
      4.2.1.2 Ballast …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….87
      4.2.1.3 Propulsion, Guidance, and Braking …………………………………………………………………………………………….88
      4.2.1.4 Vehicle Damage ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….88
      4.2.1.5 Surrogate Occupants …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………89
      4.2.1.6 Documentation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………89
      4.2.2 Surrogate Test Vehicles………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………96
      4.2.3 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuator (TMA) Support Vehicle………………………………………………..97
      4.3 VEHICLE INSTRUMENTATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………97
      4.3.1 Instrumentation Specifcations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………97
      4.3.2 Accelerometer and Rate Gyro Placement and Data Reduction ………………………………………………………………..99
      Chapter 5—Test Evaluation Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..101
      5.1 GENERAL……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..101
      5.2 EVALUATION FACTORS AND CRITERIA……………………………………………………………………………………………..101
      5.2.1 Structural Adequacy ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..104
      5.2.2 Occupant Risk ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..105
      5.2.3 Post-Impact Vehicular Response ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….108
      5.3 GEOMETRIC FEATURES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………110
      Chapter 6—Test Documentation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….111
      6.1 GENERAL REPORTING RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………….111
      6.1.1 General Information ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..111
      6.1.2 Report Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………111
      6.1.3 Findings Presentation Formats ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….115
      6.1.4 Assessment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….117
      Chapter 7—In-Service Performance Evaluation ………………………………………………………………………………………………..122
      7.1 PURPOSE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………122
      7.2 OBJECTIVES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………123
      7.3 IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAM ……………………………………………………………………..123
      7.3.1 New Feature Evaluation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..123
      7.3.2 Continuous Monitoring ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………126
      7.4 DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………128
      Appendix A—Commentary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..129
      CHAPTER ONE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..129
      A1.2 UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..129
      CHAPTER TWO ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….130
      A2.1 GENERAL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..130
      A2.1.1 Impact Conditions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………131
      A2.1.3 Safety Feature Orientation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..132
      A2.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….133
      A2.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………133
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      x | Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware
      A2.2.3 Truck-Mounted Attenuators (TMA) ………………………………………………………………………………………………..134
      A2.2.4 Support Structures, Work-Zone Trafc Control Devices, Breakaway Utility Poles, and
      Longitudinal Channelizers……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..135
      A2.3 IMPACT POINT FOR REDIRECTIVE DEVICES …………………………………………………………………………………..137
      A2.3.2.1 Tests with 1100C and 2270P Vehicles……………………………………………………………………………………..138
      A2.3.2.2 Tests with 10000S, 36000V, and 36000T Vehicles ……………………………………………………………………141
      CHAPTER THREE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….142
      A3.2 TESTING SITE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….142
      A3.3 SOIL……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………142
      A3.3.1 Standard Soil ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….143
      A3.3.2 Soil Strength ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..143
      A3.3.3 Special Soils ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..144
      A3.3.4 Embedment of Test Article …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….144
      A3.4 TEST ARTICLE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………144
      A3.4.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………144
      A3.4.2.4 Truck-Mounted Attenuators (TMA)………………………………………………………………………………………..145
      CHAPTER FOUR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………145
      A4.2 TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………145
      A4.2.1 Production Vehicles ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………146
      A4.2.1.1 Test Vehicle Mass…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………147
      A4.2.1.2 Ballast…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………148
      A4.2.1.4 Vehicle Damage……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………148
      A4.2.1.5 Surrogate Occupants …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….149
      A4.2.2 Surrogate Test Vehicles………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….149
      A4.2.3 TMA Support Truck………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………151
      A4.3.1 Instrumentation Specifcations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….152
      A4.3.2 Acceleration and Rate Gyro Placement and Data Reduction ………………………………………………………………152
      CHAPTER FIVE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………156
      A5.1 GENERAL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..156
      A5.2 EVALUATION FACTORS AND CRITERIA …………………………………………………………………………………………..156
      A5.2.1 Structural Adequacy ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..156
      A5.2.2 Occupant Risk………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………157
      A5.2.3 Post-Impact Vehicular Response …………………………………………………………………………………………………….162
      A5.3 GEOMETRIC FEATURES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….163
      CHAPTER SIX…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….164
      A6.1 GENERAL REPORTING RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………………………………………….164
      CHAPTER SEVEN ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………164
      A7.1 PURPOSE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………164
      Appendix B—Soil Strength Performance Test …………………………………………………………………………………………………..166
      B1 Purpose…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..166
      B2 Application ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..166
      B3 Instrumented Post…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….166
      B4 Post Placement ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..169
      B5 Dynamic Test…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..169
      B6 Assurance of Soil Performance ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….171
      Appendix C—Electronic & Photographic Instrumentation Specifcations …………………………………………………………. 174
      Appendix D—Analytical and Experimental Tools……………………………………………………………………………………………….212
      D1 Useful Techniques……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………212
      D1.1 Structural Design …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….212
      D1.2 Static Tests ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..212
      D1.3 Computer Simulations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..214
      D1.4 Laboratory Dynamic Tests ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….216
      D1.5 Gravitational Pendulum……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………216
      D1.6 Drop Mass/Dynamic Test Device………………………………………………………………………………………………………217
      D1.7 Scale Model …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..217
      D1.8 Bogie Test ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..217
      © 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
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      D2 Comparison of Techniques ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….218
      Appendix E—Measurement of Vehicle Deformation …………………………………………………………………………………………220
      E1 Pre-Impact Measurements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………220
      E2 Post-Impact Measurements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….222
      E3 Photographic Documentation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….222
      E4 Procedure for Measuring Exterior Crush …………………………………………………………………………………………………….224
      Appendix F—Determination of THIV, PHD, and ASI …………………………………………………………………………………………..228
      F1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….228
      F2 A Guide to the Measurement of the Theoretical Head Impact Velocity (THIV) and
      the Post-Impact Head Deceleration (PHD) ………………………………………………………………………………………………….228
      F2.1 General ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….228
      F2.2 Theoretical Head Impact Velocity (THIV) ………………………………………………………………………………………….228
      F2.3 Post-Impact Head Deceleration (PHD) ………………………………………………………………………………………………232
      F2.4 Summary of Procedure to Compute THIV and PHD ……………………………………………………………………………232
      F3 A Guide to the Measurement of the Acceleration Severity Index (ASI) ………………………………………………………….234
      F3.1 Procedure ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….234
      F3.2 Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..235
      Appendix G—Occupant Risk Estimation for 1500A Vehicle………………………………………………………………………………237
      G1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………237
      G2. Occupant Risk Values for 1500A Vehicle …………………………………………………………………………………………………..238
      G2.1 Procedure Details ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………238
      Appendix H—Test Vehicle Selection Procedures……………………………………………………………………………………………….242
      Glossary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..249
      References and Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………254

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    • استاندارد AASHTO

      استاندارد AASHTO

      درباره انجمن ادارات حمل ونقل و بزرگراه های ایالتی امریکا (AASHTO)

      AASHTO is a nonprofit, nonpartisan association representing highway and transportation departments in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. It represents all five transportation modes: air, highways, public transportation, rail, and water. Its primary goal is to foster the development, operation, and maintenance of an integrated national transportation system.

      As the voice of transportation, AASHTO works to educate the public and key decision makers about the critical role that transportation plays in securing a good quality of life and sound economy for our nation. AASHTO serves as a liaison between state departments of transportation and the Federal government. AASHTO is an international leader in setting technical standards for all phases of highway system development. Standards are issued for design, construction of highways and bridges, materials, and many other technical areas.

      AASHTO serves as a catalyst for excellence in transportation by offering smart solutions and promising practices; critical information, training and data; direct technical assistance to states; and unchallenged expertise.

      IHS carries all AASHTO specifications, provisional standards, standard test methods, recommended practices, guide specifications, manuals, the Bridge Welding Code, annual meeting procedures, the Reference Book of Member Department Personnel & Committees, U.S. Numbered Highways, and interstates research.

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      برای خرید استاندارد AASHTO ، لطفا مشخصات استاندارد AASHTO درخواستی خود را با فرمت زیر به ایمیل ایمیل گیگاپیپر برای خرید استاندارد AASHTO و دریافت استانداردهای American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials و دانلود استانداردهای انجمن آمریکایی بزرگراه های دولتی و مقامات حمل و نقل ارسال بفرمایید.

      مشخصات استاندارد درخواستی AASHTO به عنوان مثال
      شماره استاندارد AASHTO : AASHTO M 286-18
      عنوان استاندارد AASHTO : Standard Specification for Smooth-Tread Standard Tire for Special-Purpose
      زبان استاندارد آشتو : ENG
      سال انتشار اشتو : 2018
      لینک استاندارد آشتو : https://www.techstreet.com/standards/aashto-m-286-18?product_id=2012537

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      تعداد استاندارد AASHTO هزینه استاندارد استاندارد آشتو به تومان
      1-5 8000
      6-10 6500
      بالاتر از 10 استاندارد توافقی

      نکات

      1- بعد از تهیه استاندارد استاندارد آشتو به شما اطلاع می دهیم تا هزینه آن را واریز کرده ، سپس استاندارد AASHTO را برای شما ارسال می کنیم.

      2- برخی از استانداردهای آشتو خاص بوده و قیمت آن توافقی می باشد.

      3- درخواست تهیه استاندارد American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials به صورت پکیجی (مجموعه ای) با قیمتی مناسب انجام می شود.

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      AASHTO SS
      2017 AASHTO Salary Survey – Includes Access to Additional Content
      Active March, 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO APH
      Partnering Handbook – Revision 2
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO HM-2018 PT I
      Standard specifications for transportation materials and Methods of sampling and testing and provisional standards
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Revision Group
      AASHTO M 85
      Standard Specification for Portland Cement
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO M 240M/M 240
      Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO M 261
      Standard Specification for Rib-Tread Standard Tire for Special-Purpose Pavement Frictional-Property Tests
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO M 286
      Standard Specification for Smooth-Tread Standard Tire for Special-Purpose Pavement Frictional-Property Tests
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO M 302
      Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO M 327
      Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO MBE
      The Manual for Bridge Evaluation – 3rd Edition
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline

      AASHTO MP 34
      Standard Specification for Materials for Sand Seals
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO MP 35
      Standard Specification for Thin Overlay Treatments Using a Binder Resin System and Aggregate for Concrete Surfaces
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO PP 80
      Standard Practice for Continuous Thermal Profile of Asphalt Mixture Construction
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO PP 81
      Standard Practice for Intelligent Compaction Technology for Embankment and Asphalt Pavement Applications
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO PP 89
      Standard Practice for Grinding the Ends of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO PP 90
      Standard Practice for Sand Seal Design
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO PP 91
      Standard Practice for Emulsified Asphalt Scrub Seal Design
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO R 18
      Standard Recommended Practice for Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction Materials Testing Laboratories
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO R 25
      Standard Practice for Technician Training and Certification Programs
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO R 70M/R 70
      Standard Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline

      AASHTO R 85
      Standard Practice for Quantifying Cracks in Asphalt Pavement Surfaces from Collected Pavement Images Utilizing Automated Methods
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO R 86
      Standard Practice for Collecting Images of Pavement Surfaces for Distress Detection
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO R 87
      Standard Practice for Determining Pavement Deformation Parameters and Cross Slope from Collected Transverse Profiles
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO R 88
      Standard Practice for Collecting the Transverse Pavement Profile
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO R 89
      Standard Practice for Accreditation Bodies Operating in the Fields of Construction Materials Testing and Inspection
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO SSFP
      Survey of State Funding for Public Transportation – Revision 12
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 23
      Standard Method of Test for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 97
      Standard Method of Test for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third- Point Loading)
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 106M/T 106
      Standard Method of Test for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in.Cube Specimens)
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 107M/T 107
      Standard Method of Test for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 119M/T 119
      Standard Method of Test for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 154
      Standard Method of Test for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 242
      Standard Method of Test for Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO T 279
      Standard Method of Test for Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 359M/T 359
      Standard Method of Test for Pavement Thickness by Magnetic Pulse Induction
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO T 379
      Standard Method of Test for Nonlinear Impact Resonance Acoustic Spectroscopy (NIRAS) for Concrete Specimens with Damage from the Alkali–Silica Reaction (ASR)
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO T 380
      Standard Method of Test for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates and Effectiveness of ASR Mitigation Measures (Miniature Concrete Prism Test, MCPT)
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO TP 99
      Standard Method of Test for Determining the Influence of Road Surfaces on Traffic Noise Using the Continuous-Flow Traffic Time-Integrated Method (CTIM)
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      Redline
      AASHTO TP 129
      Standard Method of Test for Vibrating Kelly Ball (VKelly) Penetration in Fresh Portland Cement Concrete
      Active 2018 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO LRFD-8
      AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications – Eight Edition; Incorporating Errata: May 2018
      Active November, 2017 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO LRFDUS
      AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications – Eighth Edition
      Active September, 2017 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO PH18
      PRACTITIONER’S HANDBOOK ADDRESSING AIR QUALITY ISSUES IN THE NEPA PROCESS FOR HIGHWAY PROJECTS – Revision 1
      Active June, 2017 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO CGDOT-1
      Communications Guide For State DEpartments of Transportation
      Active February, 2017 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO CHBTW
      Construction Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works – Second Editionn
      Active 2017 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO GSBTW
      GUIDE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRIDGE TEMPORARY WORKS – 2nd Edition
      Active 2017 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO GSWLB
      Guide Specifications for Wind Loads on Bridges During Construction – First Edition
      Active 2017 AASHTO Standards Expert
      AASHTO HM-2017 PT III
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